| We can't treat all adult learners, like most mandated | | | | move us closer to an educational model addressing |
| curricula treats them, as if they've come simply to | | | | the whole person, the mind and the body. |
| "brush up" on basic skills and recover what is | | | | Lana's writing also suggests a powerful metaphor for |
| perceived as lost educational ground because, for | | | | literacy and literacy learning: orientation. This |
| students like Lana, they are discovering altogether | | | | metaphor builds on Neilsen's (1989) definition of |
| new educational ground, new uses for literacy, for | | | | literacy as the innately human "process of learning to |
| language, and for writing as learning. We might also | | | | be at home in the world" (p. 2). Our worlds—past, |
| consider Lana's case in relation to research on | | | | present, and future—are constructed (and |
| trauma, particularly psychologists like Pennebaker | | | | reconstructed) through language; literacy (written, |
| (1997, 2004; Pennebaker & Beall, 1986), who | | | | spoken, read, or heard language) can be conceived |
| examine the health benefits—physical and | | | | of as processes of orientation to our worlds. A |
| mental—of writing about trauma and traumatic | | | | powerful component to this orientation is learning the |
| experiences. | | | | various ways that language has already oriented us in |
| Finding that individuals who keep traumatic | | | | relation to state and social power structures, or, in |
| experiences bottled up and secret tend to suffer | | | | Lana's words, how someone else's pen has already |
| from more serious health conditions at higher rates | | | | "swallowed [us] whole." |
| than people who talk about their experiences, | | | | The writings in her learning journal reflect past |
| Pennebaker initiated the first ever psychological study | | | | situations using metaphors, similes, sarcasm, humor, |
| of expressive writing in the mid-80s, research that he | | | | rhyme, and other tropes typically associated with |
| continues today Replica Omega and that points to | | | | more experienced writers. "I like to write. I write |
| the therapeutic value of writing to reduce depressive | | | | down quirky little poems Omega Replica Watches |
| symptoms and the anxiety associated with the | | | | and stuff. I've been trying to work on similes |
| stress of emotional trauma. Pennebaker's long | | | | and...what's that other one...metaphors." Her poems |
| program of research is not widely known in adult | | | | focus on family situations and relationships, and the |
| education but, nonetheless, suggests that designing | | | | simplicity of her lines and rhymes creates tension |
| curricula that allow students, like Lana, to write about | | | | against the complexity and paradox of the narrator's |
| past traumatic experiences and phases in life would | | | | realizations. |