Teacher Education - Changing How We Think in Metaphors

Some new research looking at how our dailyour use of metaphors, especially on those days when
language, and use of metaphors in our language, canthe classroom feels "like a zoo"! One moment of
influence ideas, concept building and create limitationsteacher exasperation can influence a student in ways
is developing into new educational theories. We all usethe teacher will never know-so it is important to
metaphors. They are a powerful way language cankeep a positive outlook for your classroom and your
create ideas because they are so easily understoodstudents.
by most humans. What research has shown is theReforming Your Mind and Education
impact the use metaphors have on how we learnMetaphors in are considered barriers to reform in the
and how we identify with the metaphor. Teachereducational system. Why? Changes are trying to
Education programs should have teachers in trainingaddress the realities in the classroom. Unfortunately,
challenge themselves by looking and listening to thethe overwhelming responsibilities of a classroom
metaphors they use and how their intended meaningteacher and the ever-limited resources of most public
and possible literal translation may influence K-12schools tend to prevent change and perpetuate the
students.status quo.
Metaphors are an important part of English language.Often, teachers create a climate in the classroom
We create meanings and conceptualize reality inthat is based on self-generated knowledge as a
many ways by looking at relations or specificresult of specific learning, experiences and
meanings from seemingly unrelated situations.perceptions that their metaphor use reinforces. Some
Metaphors actually draw from our human ability toof these metaphors find their origins in teacher
create meaning from stories. Because of the efficacyeducation and are carried into professional life. When
of metaphors to draw meaning, teachers andthis happens, these metaphors take on a life of their
teacher education programs could use thisown and become the teacher's reality and set the
overlooked technique to improve their teachabletone of the classroom. This reality then limits
moments.teaching, learning and reform.
When story telling is being used, metaphors enableThis is not an easy approach to take, especially with
the audience to better understand concepts bymore seasoned teachers (picture that metaphor!)
making connections and allowing the student to drawwho are fully set in their ways of teaching, which is
conclusions from their experience of the ideas andwhy Teacher Education programs should address this
images from a metaphor. Metaphors are also anpart of teacher thinking. Teachers-in-Training can learn
incredibly creative form in English and are sohow to analyze their metaphor use and how to use
appealing, and effective and often used becausemetaphors positively in their classrooms. Not to rule
they take us on a bit of a connection journey.out changes for "seasoned" teachers, professional
Teachers who use metaphors effectively can makedevelopment and personal inquiry can help teachers
the curriculum much more interesting.challenge their metaphor use.
The resource page at looks at the limitationsSome More -- Additional metaphor examples from
commonly used metaphors can create in our mindsTeachersMind.com:
and sites some examples of how we identify withThe Standards - This factory-based metaphor really
metaphors and how that can influence how we orhas no place in the classroom as it deals with objects
our students perceive themselves and their abilities.and raw materials. Standards are used to identify
A Problemproducts that are made of uniform materials that can
Metaphors can place limitations on thinking by creatingbe molded and shaped. This metaphor is inconsistent
perceptions that aren't real or that allow students towith the realities of the classroom and actual student
identify with a meaning in the metaphor that maylearning. Students are not factory-created objects
not be accurate. Students may limit their ability bythat should be measured against some external
how they identify with a metaphor. Teacherstandard for a grade.
Education programs may perpetuate the "limiting" useRaising the Bar - Automatically raising the academic
of metaphors just because they are such a commonbar does not necessarily raise teacher expectations
and easy to use language form. By not challengingto give all students an equal opportunity. Before a
the ideas of the metaphors we use because theystudent can attain this level, she must first possess
are common and easy, we may be creatingand refine the fundamental skills involved in the
limitations in how we present information.learning process of a specific subject. Raising this bar
Children in particular can understand the meaning of afor all students may challenge some, but put success
metaphor and whether or not the connotation fromout of reach for others.
it is negative or positive. The article sites "myEqual Starting Position - While this sounds like a good
classroom is zoo" and "a beehive of activity" asidea and most people would want this for their
examples. The teacher that uses the "zoo" metaphorchildren and their students, it is realistically impossible.
is probably a bit exasperated and wanting a moreThe starting line for all humans is conception, with
controlled classroom and probably includes commentsmuch development and learning happening before
on what a relief recess is. However, as real as thisthey ever enter the educational system.
experience may be, it is the responsibility of theIf reformers hope to change the educational system,
teacher not to make the students feel they arethey must first start with teacher education, training
contributing to a negative classroom. This is theteachers to get past the common metaphors to
example of how a metaphor is limiting. If a studentunderstand the realities of human development and
feels he or she is "bad" because they are like anlearning. Once this occurs, it will be much easier to
animal or feel the class is "bad" because the teachermake the necessary changes and see the
compares it to a zoo, their perception of themeasurable results.
experience in that classroom is being limited by thatTeachers! You don't have enough TIME in the day to
metaphor.teach all you need to, so use the tools you have to
Alternatively, "beehive of activity" connotes amake your lessons more effective. Watch this FREE
working and orderly classroom. Students recognizevideo and download the Expert Guide for the secret
the positive connotation of the metaphor and feelto using educational dvds and videos in the ways
good about being a student in this classroom. Thesethat teach best.
are brief examples, but show how we should look at