The Problem Of Illiteracy

neral terms, illiteracy is an inability to use language --reason, as it turns out. Based on numerous studies
an inability to read, write, listen and speak. Today, itinto this area, they conclude that literate people are
is usually taken to mean being unable to read andeasier and less expensive to train and have broader
write at a level adequate for written communicationjob opportunities and access to higher education. In
or at a level that will allow an individual to function atKerala, India, for example, female and child mortality
certain levels of society. In the simplest of terms,rates declined dramatically in the 1960s, after girls
illiteracy is the opposite of literacy.who had been schooled to literacy in the education
In some societies, the standards for what constitutereforms after 1948 began to raise families. There are
literacy are different from others. For example, somerecent findings, however, that raise questions on
cultures believe that only people with skills such ascorrelations such as the one listed above, arguing
computers skills and basic numeracy may bethat these may have more to do with the effects of
considered literate. This takes into account the factschooling rather than literacy in general.
that there are people who can add and subtract, butIlliteracy rates are highest among developing
can't read letters as well as people who can learn tocountries, especially those in the South Asian, Arab
use a computer to a limited extent but may still notand Sub-Saharan African regions where illiteracy is
be able to read text. One example is Scotland, whichprevalent among 40 to 50% of populations. The East
defines literacy as: "The ability to read and write andAsian and Latin American regions also have relatively
use numeracy, to handle information, to expresshigh illiteracy rates ranging from 10 to 15%. In
ideas and opinions, to make decisions and solvecontrast, the illiteracy rate in developed countries is
problems, as family members, workers, citizens andonly a few percent. However, it is important to note
lifelong learners." That's probably as specific as youthat illiteracy rates vary widely from country to
can get in defininng what literacy is all about.country and often are directly proportionate to a
On a global level, analysts and policy makers considercountry's wealth or urbanization level, although many
illiteracy rates as an important factor in a country's orother factors play a determining role.
a region's "human capital," and with good good