The Shameful Secret of Illiteracy in America

The word is not just a sound or a written symbol.educational issue - someone else's problem. However,
The word is a force; it is the power you have tomore recently we have come to understand the
express and communicate, to think, and thereby toeconomic consequences of the lack of literacy skills
create the events in your life. - Don Miguel Ruizfor America and American business.
One New Jersey woman, "Maria," read at a thirdIlliteracy has a significant impact on the economy.
grade level. She held a job and fudged her wayAccording to Nation's Business magazine, 15 million
through everyday tasks without reading. When sheadults holding jobs today are functionally illiterate. The
would go to a restaurant, she would order what sheAmerican Council of Life Insurance reports that three
knew was on the menu - a hamburger, salad orquarters of the Fortune 500 companies provide some
grilled chicken - or point to someone else's plate atlevel of remedial training for their workers. And, a
the next table and ask "for what he's having." Mariastudy done by the Northeast Midwest Institute and
even went so far as to keep her illiteracy a secretThe Center for Regional Policy found that business
even from her husband of ten years. Because shelosses attribute to basic skill deficiencies run into the
could not read the mail, she would pretend that shehundreds of millions of dollars because of low
forgot her glasses at work or say that she had beenproductivity, errors and accidents.
too busy to open the mail and ask her husband to doIn addition, as reported in the 1986 publication entitled
it. One day, they were walking past a shop windowMaking Literacy Programs Work: A Practical Guide for
with a sign in it. As they looked at the display, theCorrectional Educators (for the U.S. Department of
husband suddenly realized that his wife could notJustice, National Institute of Corrections), one-half of
read. Maria was embarrassed and humiliated. But sheall adults in federal and state correctional institutions
sought help and now reads, works on a computercannot read or write at all. Only about one-third of
and teaches others to read.those in prison have completed high school.
In 2002, before the Subcommittee on EducationEvidence indicates that the problem begins at home.
Reform Committee on Education and the Workforce,A National Governors' Association Task Force on
United States House of Representatives, actorAdult Literacy reported that illiteracy is an
James Earl Jones testified: "92 million Americans haveinter-generational problem, following a parent-child
low or very low literacy skills - they cannot readpattern. Poor school achievement and dropping out
above the 6th grade level. To be illiterate in America -before completing school are commonplace among
or anywhere for that matter - is to be unsafe,children of illiterate parents.
uncomfortable and unprotected. For the illiterate,The reasons for illiteracy are as varied as the number
despair and defeat serve as daily fare. Can any of usof non-readers. The adult non-reader may have left
who do know how to read really understand theschool early, may have had a physical or emotional
sadness that is associated with the inability to read?disability, may have had ineffectual teachers or simply
Can we truly relate to the silent humiliation, the quietmay have been unready to learn at the time reading
desperation that can't be expressed, the hundreds ofinstruction began.
ways that those who cannot read struggle in shameBecause they are unable to help their children learn,
to keep their secret? The struggle out of illiteracy ...parents who can't read often perpetuate the
is still a part of the story of America."inter-generational cycle of illiteracy. Without books,
Today, our nation faces an epidemic that isnewspapers or magazines in the home and a parent
destructive to our future. The disease is functionalwho reads to serve as a role model, many children
illiteracy. According to the most recent Nationalgrow up with severe literacy deficiencies. Clearly,
Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), it hasthere is no single cause of illiteracy.
overtaken one-third of America's children by theAdults have many reasons for requesting reading
fourth grade - including two-thirds ofhelp. Many are prompted by the need for increased
African-American students and almost half of alllevels of literacy in their jobs. Others may wish to
children in the inner cities.read to a child, read the Bible or write to a family
The basic definition of literacy is the ability to readmember for the first time. All express a hope for a
and write. So the basic definition of illiteracy is thebetter quality of life through higher levels of literacy.
inability to read and write.According to Barbara Bush, "It suddenly occurred to
Beyond the basic definitions, there is significance inme that every single thing I worry about - the
the shocking statistics about the functionally illiterate.breakup of families, drugs, AIDS, the homeless -
What illiteracy means is that millions may not be ableeverything would be better if more people could
to understand the directions on a medicine bottle, orread, write and understand."
be able to read their telephone bill, make correctLet us all do what we can to make illiteracy not a
change at a store, find and keep a job, or read to apart of the story of American today but a part of
child.America's past.
Illiteracy has long been viewed as a social and